In general, birth control pills do not affect fertility. Within 1 to 2 months of stopping pills, a woman’s menstrual cycle returns to what’s considered normal for her and so does chances of getting pregnant, provided there is no abnormality.

The following can be used as a rough guide:

Having Intercourse every alternate day or everyday from Day 12 to Day 18 of periods (assuming day of frank bleeding as Day 1 of regular 28 – 30 days cycle) has maximum chances of a pregnancy.

One week before and one week after the periods, is the “safe period” i.e Minimal chances of pregnancy.

There are various methods which can be used at home to predict ovulation at home:

Ovulation Kits for urine sample testing. Simple to use just like urine pregnancy test kits.

Thickening of secretions from vagina (cervical mucous test)

Feeling of mild fever due to slight elevation of basal body temperature. Can be accurately seen by temperature charting.

Increasing age of a female is related to decreasing egg quality and quantity and this has everything to do with the probability that an embryo will implant. We cannot determine egg quality by looking at an egg or measuring how receptive it will be to sperm. We can test egg supply with ovarian reserve testing using hormone tests like FSH and AMH in blood and by ultrasound scanning, but we do not currently have a test for egg quality; instead, the most reliable test for egg quality is female age.
Also, with increasing age, like the problem of egg quality, there is an increased likelihood for chromosomal abnormalities to affect the eggs. Chromosomal abnormalities may affect the number of chromosomes, as in the case of Down syndrome or Turner syndrome, or the structure of chromosomes, which may show as chromosome translocation, duplication, or deletion. This again results in fertilisation failure, growth arrest of embryo, implantation failure and / or very rarely abnormality in the foetus.

No. They all work.

This is not necessary. If it makes you feel more at ease, you can wait 5 to 10 minutes before getting up, although this is not necessary.

No. More than enough sperm stay inside the vagina.